Foot and ankle injuries are among the most common reasons for a medical presentation in pediatric and adolescent athletes. Acute trauma and overuse can result in injuries to the developing skeleton that are different from those seen in adults. Knowledge of normal foot and ankle development is critical to understanding age-specific injury patterns.
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Elbow injuries in young athletes are becoming an increasing concern for orthopedic sports medicine specialists, but imaging is frequently complicated. The purpose of this study was to assess MRI in imaging ligaments, plicae, and cartilage in 65 pediatric and adolescent patients. 9 MRIs (13%) did not allow assessment because of poor quality.
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The shoulder is a particularly vulnerable joint in sports, and especially so in children and adolescents. The normal hypermobility during growth needs to be differentiated from pathological instability. Overuse injury has to be avoided or treated. Some injuries are specific for childhood and adolescence and need to be treated with a specific and age appropriate approach.
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ACL injuries in children and adolescents have increased substantially in recent years. Nevertheless, treatment algorithms are domiated by predjudice more than by evidence, eventhough the scientific basis, summarized in this paper, is sound. The likelihood of an ACL tear in a traumatic hemarthros, even without contact, is 52%. More than half of the cases show concurrent injuries. Methods and criteria for success of conservative treatment are published in detail, however, surgical treatment produces a better clinical outcome in most cases. Various surgical techniques exist, and age appropriate treatment can elimate the risk of a growth disturbance and restore the normal function of the knee.
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