The use of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) as well as other image- and performance-enhancing drugs (IPEDs) has become one of the most recent global major substance use disorders in the 21st century. These substances are not only used by professional bodybuilders and competitive athletes, but moreover by recreational gym users aiming to achieve personal image and sports-performance goals [1].
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L’abréviation DHEA signifie déhydroépiandrostérone, un précurseur hormonal des hormones sexuelles masculines et féminines. La médecine dite «anti-âge» est à la mode et les cures d’hormones promettent une vie avec plus de plaisir et moins de troubles. De plus en plus de professionnelles de la santé recommandent la DHEA à leurs patients – souvent avec de lourdes conséquences!
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The current ideal of beauty consists of a strong shift towards physical activity and aims to develop a muscular, athletic physique. While the athletic ideal for women has been a product of recent years, the muscular ideal for men has been observed since the 1970s. Increasing pressure to achieve this muscular ideal is associated with both body dissatisfaction and a strong desire to increase muscularity. In extreme terms, the pursuit of a muscular body and its associated behaviours, such as strength training and dieting, may lead to the development of muscle dysmorphia.
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The global lifetime prevalence rate of all image and performance enhancing drugs (IPED) is unknown, however it is 6.4% in men an 1.6% in women for anabolic androgenic steroids (1). IPED are widely used in the bodybuilding scene and have found a bigger audience through social media platforms.
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