Meniscal Ramp lesions are frequently associated with Anterior Cruciate Ligament ruptures. It has been reported to play a key role in the anterior tibial translation the knee joint. Ramp lesions are difficult to diagnose in imaging modality and are under-recognized when using standard anterolateral and anteromedial arthroscopic portals even with probe test.
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This article described the clinical examination of the lower extremity during a pre-participation screening in regard of sports ability, presence of injuries and musculoskeletal disorders as well as predisposing risk factors for injuries and prevention. It divided into global static and dynamic testing but also isolated analysis of joint function.
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Autologous blood injections have received considerable attention in recent time and are being employed for a variety of indications. Their mechanism of action is to fill or cover a defect and then locally release growth factors which will initiate and maintain wound healing processes. Building on these processes, positive Effects of autologous bllod have been shown for the treatment of tendons, ligaments and cartilage defects. Currently, research is being done to expand these indications by the deliberate addition of cells or supporting biomaterials. This paper elucidates the effect of and indications for the use of autologous blood from the shoulder to the ankle.
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