Athletes have a relevant risk of shoulder problems that do not only affect the typical overhead sports. In most cases, these are overuse problems that can be treated with consistent therapy, training optimisation and temporary abstinence from sports if they are recognised promptly. In parallel, depending on the type of sport, traumatic shoulder injuries can be found, which are usually easier to recognise in diagnostics and sometimes also require surgical therapy. In this paper, we give an overview of the various diagnoses and the main features of treatment.